Judge Rules Craig Wright’s Claim to Be Satoshi Nakamoto is “Pure Fantasy”

On Monday, Mr. Justice Mellor handed down his written judgment on the COPA lawsuit brought against Craig Wright on the grounds that his claims to be Satoshi Nakamoto were fraudulent. The judgment follows on the heels of Mr. Justice Mellor’s March 18 oral declaration that Wright was not Satoshi Nakamoto, and marks the formal end of COPA’s lawsuit. As Mr. Justice Mellor wrote in his ruling, “The conclusion is inescapable in my judgment. Dr Wright was lying…I agree that his application was a fraud on the Court and a fraud on COPA and the Developers.”

The judgment is a major victory for the Bitcoin developers that have been subjected to Wright’s nearly decade-long campaign of harassment and intimidation based on fraudulent claims that he was Bitcoin’s creator. The ruling bars Wright from further Bitcoin-related IP claims in the UK, allowing developers to contribute code with renewed confidence that they will not be harassed and intimidated for their work on Bitcoin. 

The judgment is also a major victory for the open source developer community more broadly insofar as the judgment is legally binding in several other cases Wright has brought against Bitcoin developers, including the Tulip Trading case. Following Mr. Justice Mellor’s oral ruling in March, Wright withdrew his lawsuit against the developers in the Tulip Trading case as well as an appeal in a lawsuit brought against Hodlonaut. 

The 231-page judgment detailed the extent of Wright’s lies and how he used them to  harass open source developers who contributed to Bitcoin Core. Several key remarks from Mr. Justice Mellor’s ruling are included below: 

“Dr Wright presents himself as an extremely clever person. However, in my judgment, he is not nearly as clever as he thinks he is. In both his written evidence and in days of oral evidence under cross-examination, I am entirely satisfied that Dr Wright lied to the Court extensively and repeatedly. Most of his lies related to the documents he had forged which purported to support his claim. All his lies and forged documents were in support of his biggest lie: his claim to be Satoshi Nakamoto.”

“In my judgment, the evidence was overwhelming that the suggestion that Dr Wright drafted the Bitcoin White Paper or anything like it is pure fabrication. The account he gave in his witness statement(s)…was pure fantasy.”

“In my judgment, Dr Wright’s elaborate attempt to carve an alternative narrative by forging documents in LaTeX mark him as a fraud and his claim in these proceedings as a fraudulent claim…The real explanation for Dr Wright’s evidence is that he did not know what he was talking about…because he had not used LaTeX in the way that he was describing.”

“COPA faced a constantly moving target of forged documents produced by Dr Wright which continued up to the start of trial and, indeed, during it.”

In both his written evidence and in days of oral evidence under cross-examination,I am entirely satisfied that Dr Wright lied to the Court extensively and repeatedly.”

“I am satisfied that every element of Dr Wright’s factual and technical explanation of Satoshi’s PGP key was wrong. The Developers submitted that one inference to be drawn from that shortcoming in his evidence, and from the sharp change in that evidence following disclosure of Mr Malmi’s emails, is that Dr Wright was telling these lies to avoid the inference to be drawn from his failure to sign a message using Satoshi’s PGP key. I agree.”

“Overall, there is strong evidence and I find that the Tulip Trust was another invention of Dr Wright’s, initially as part of an attempt to shield assets from a possible bankruptcy in Australia. Having invented it, he attempted to use it in Kleiman to avoid having to identify the bitcoin he supposedly owned, yet that attempt failed.”

“Overall, in my judgment, … Dr Wright’s attempts to prove he was/is Satoshi Nakamoto represent a most serious abuse of this Court’s process. The same point applies to other jurisdictions as well: Norway in particular. Although whether Dr Wright was Satoshi was not actually in issue in Kleiman, that litigation would not have occurred but for his claim to be Satoshi. In all three jurisdictions, it is clear that Dr Wright engaged in the deliberate production of false documents to support false claims and use the Courts as a vehicle for fraud. Despite acknowledging in this Trial that a few documents were inauthentic (generally blamed on others), he steadfastly refused to acknowledge any of the forged documents. Instead, he lied repeatedly and extensively in his attempts to deflect the allegations of forgery.”

Read the full judgment

Read the judgment appendix detailing instances of forgery

Reuters: ‘Self-proclaimed bitcoin inventor lied ‘repeatedly’ to support claim, says UK judge’

“An Australian computer scientist who claimed he invented bitcoin lied “extensively and repeatedly” and forged documents “on a grand scale” to support his false claim, a judge at London’s High Court ruled on Monday.

Craig Wright had long claimed to have been the author of a 2008 white paper, the foundational text of bitcoin, published under the pseudonym “Satoshi Nakamoto”.

But Judge James Mellor ruled in March that the evidence Wright was not Satoshi was “overwhelming”, after a trial in a case brought by the Crypto Open Patent Alliance (COPA) to stop Wright suing bitcoin developers.

Mellor gave reasons for his conclusions on Monday, stating in a written ruling: “Dr Wright presents himself as an extremely clever person. However, in my judgment, he is not nearly as clever as he thinks he is.”

The judge added: “All his lies and forged documents were in support of his biggest lie: his claim to be Satoshi Nakamoto.”

Mellor also said that Wright’s actions in suing developers and his expressed views about bitcoin also pointed against him being Satoshi.”

Read the full article on Reuters

Bitcoin Magazine: ‘Fake Satoshi’ Craig Wright Lied About Inventing Bitcoin, Judge Rules

“A UK judge has ruled that Craig Wright, who claimed to be Satoshi Nakamoto, the creator of Bitcoin, lied extensively and forged documents during a high-profile trial.

In a scathing 231-page judgment, Justice James Mellor stated that Wright “lied to the court repeatedly” and committed forgery “on a grand scale” in a failed attempt to prove he was Nakamoto. 

A group of crypto firms brought the civil trial, the Crypto Open Patent Alliance (COPA), that sought to prevent Wright from claiming he invented Bitcoin.

Mellor wrote that Wright presented fake documents and gave false testimony in support of “his biggest lie – his claim to be Satoshi Nakamoto.”

The judge determined Wright is neither the author of the Bitcoin white paper nor the person behind the Satoshi pseudonym from 2008-2011.

Furthermore, Mellor ruled Wright does not have copyright ownership that would enable him to sue Bitcoin developers, as he has done in the past.

The judge slammed Wright’s narrative as “riddled with inconsistencies and absurd explanations” and said Wright was “not nearly as clever as he thinks he is.”

Read the full article at Bitcoin Magazine

Financial Times: ‘Highlights from the evisceration of Craig Wright’

“FT Alphaville was in at the start of the performance art project known as Craig Wright. We’re obliged therefore to mark the end of what should (but probably won’t be) his last act.

A UK court ruled in March, after a month-long trial, that Wright was not Satoshi Nakamoto, the pseudonymous inventor of bitcoin. The Crypto Open Patent Alliance, an industry group, had brought the case in an effort to halt his legal actions against bitcoin developers. Published today is the full judgment (PDF) which runs for 231 pages, with a 150 page appendix to cover the many forgeries submitted to court. The first-page summary is a succinct scene-setter:

“Dr Wright presents himself as an extremely clever person. However, in my judgment, he is not nearly as clever as he thinks he is. In both his written evidence and in days of oral evidence under cross-examination, I am entirely satisfied that Dr Wright lied to the Court extensively and repeatedly. Most of his lies related to the documents he had forged which purported to support his claim. All his lies and forged documents were in support of his biggest lie: his claim to be Satoshi Nakamoto.”

Read the full article on Financial Times

WIRED: ‘Craig Wright Lied About Creating Bitcoin And Faked Evidence, Judge Rules’

“A judge in the UK High Court has ruled that computer scientist Craig Wright lied “extensively and repeatedly,” and committed forgery “on a grand scale” in aid of a years-long quest to prove he is Satoshi Nakamoto, the creator of Bitcoin.

In a written judgment published on May 20, Justice James Mellor ruled that Wright forged reams of documents in service of his charade. “It is clear that Dr Wright engaged in the deliberate production of false documents to support false claims and use the Courts as a vehicle for fraud,” he wrote. “ I am entirely satisfied that Dr Wright lied to the Court extensively and repeatedly. All his lies and forged documents were in support of his biggest lie: his claim to be Satoshi Nakamoto.”

“Dr Wright presents himself as an extremely clever person,” Mellor added. “However, in my judgment, he is not nearly as clever as he thinks he is.”

Read the full story on WIRED

CoinDesk: ‘Craig Wright Lied to UK Court ‘Extensively and Repeatedly,’ Judge Writes’

“Craig Wright lied “extensively and repeatedly” in both his written and oral evidence in the Crypto Open Patent Alliance case regarding his claim to be Satoshi Nakamoto, Judge James Mellor said in his written judgement on Monday.

Mellor also concluded that the issue of injunctive relief – a legal remedy to stop a defendant from doing something – will be argued at a Form of Order hearing that will be appointed after the judgment has been handed down.

“Dr. Wright is not the person who adopted or operated under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto in the period 2008 to 2011. Third, Dr. Wright is not the person who created the Bitcoin System. And, fourth, he is not the author of the initial versions of the Bitcoin software,” Mellor said after both parties to the trial had presented their evidence.”

“I am entirely satisfied that Dr Wright lied to the Court extensively and repeatedly,” Mellor said. “Most of his lies related to the documents he had forged which purported to support his claim.””

Read the full story on CoinDesk

Decrypt: ‘Has Craig Wright Finally Given Up His Campaign to Claim Bitcoin Was His Idea?’

“In what may be the end of a decade-long odyssey, self-proclaimed inventor of Bitcoin, Dr. Craig Wright, has dropped his lawsuit against 12 Bitcoin developers in the Tulip Trading Limited v. Bitcoin Association for BSV & Others case, the Bitcoin Legal Defense Fund said on Wednesday.

“Thanks to the generous donors who propped up the millions of GBP this case [cost], in spite of its obvious nonsensical nature,” Matt Corallo, who identified himself as one of 10 contributors to Bitcoin Core, said on Twitter. “All the folks who donated to [The Bitcoin Legal Defense Fund] and [Jack Dorsey] and [Alex Morcos]for their specific support.”

The news comes after UK High Court Judge James Mellor declared that Wright was not Satoshi Nakamoto and did not write the Bitcoin whitepaper, in March.”

Read the full article at Decrypt

Craig Wright Discontinues Tulip Trading Case in Major Win for Bitcoin Developers

On Monday, Dr. Craig S. Wright discontinued a lawsuit his holding company, Tulip Trading, brought against 12 Bitcoin developers and others in the UK High Court. 

Wright’s discontinuance brings an end to a nearly decade-long campaign of harassment and intimidation and marks a major win for the Bitcoin developers and open source software in general. 

Wright’s discontinuance follows on the heels of the Bitcoin developer’s victory in a related lawsuit (“Identity Trial”) brought against Wright in the UK that sought to definitively prove that Wright is not Satoshi Nakamoto, the pseudonymous creator of Bitcoin. 

On Thursday, March 14, the judge overseeing the Identity Trial ruled that the evidence against Wright’s claim to be Satoshi Nakamoto was “overwhelming.” Shortly after the closing arguments, the judge offered a four part opinion on the trial, saying:

“First, Dr. Wright is not the author of the Bitcoin White Paper. Second, Dr. Wright is not the person who adopted or operated under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto in the period 2008 to 2011. Third, Dr. Wright is not the person who created the Bitcoin system. And, fourth, he is not the author of the initial versions of the Bitcoin software.” 

The ruling followed several weeks of expert testimonies and the presentation of evidence that showed that Wright had  “lied on an extraordinary scale” and “invented an entire biographical history, producing one tranche after another of forged documents to support it.”

The ruling in the Identity Trial had important implications for the Tulip Trading case that Wright brought against 12 Bitcoin developers in 2021. In the Tulip Trading case, Wright sought to introduce a backdoor into the Bitcoin Core software to recover 111,000 Bitcoin he alleged were lost in a hack of his home computer network. 

The Tulip Trading case had existential implications not just for the Bitcoin network but for open source software more broadly insofar as its outcome could have set a precedent for whether developers could be held liable for their contributions to open source projects. 

Wright’s discontinuance is an important victory for developers named in the Tulip Trading lawsuit and the entire Bitcoin community. These developers have had to deal with years of Wright’s relentless legal harassment and intimidation, and the entire Bitcoin community suffers when these developers feel so threatened that they choose to stop contributing to the network. 

Wright’s harassment of the Bitcoin developers named in the Tulip Trading case was relentless. As Mr. Alexander Gunning, KC summed up at the end of in the Identity Trial:

“The COPA claim has been brought, at least in part, due to the harm, the actual harm that has been caused by Dr Wright’s campaign against the developers and others. We set that out in some detail in our written opening…I just remind your Lordship of what my clients have actually been having to deal with….: 

“I will make sure that when every developer and I mean every developer goes to court and makes a claim that bitcoin is decentralised and that the actions of the developers don’t matter and that they don’t control the network that they are not just sanctioned because they are being silly or ignorant…I’m going to make sure that everybody knows. I’m going to make sure that the court knows. I’m going to make sure that they globally stand in front of the court and if they say this, if they say that bitcoin developers do not control the network that by the time we finish with them they will be pulled up [for] perjury and arrested as a criminal… 

Every one of them are criminals…I will make sure that they go to prison for decades…If a single developer goes to court and says they can’t make this change, that if they out that change on the system nobody will run it, that it can be run on any Blockchain anywhere on this earth and be exchanged over the Internet using a domain and using the existing banking system. I will make sure that they spend so long in prison that their grandchildren will be old when they get out. When we get to court and they say bitcoin is a cypherpunk creation and that it is anarchist I will make sure that they are cited for misleading the court. Not that they don’t know because they do. They will be pulled up and they will be facing perjury every time they lie…Please feel free to make sure that eveeerrrrrryyyyy [sic]…BTC developerr [sic]…every COPA member knows that if they go to court and they actively live with these deceptions of decentralisation that do not follow law that is existing …they will end in prison.”

My Lord, you have been presented with that man who made those threats. He is a charlatan.”

This sort of targeted abuse led many longtime and passionate Bitcoin contributors to stop working on the project out of concern that they would become a target of Wright’s legal harassment. Wright’s discontinuance of the Tulip Trading lawsuit means that Bitcoin developers are once again free to contribute to this world-changing network without the threat of litigation and harassment. 

The Independent: “Computer scientist who claimed to be Bitcoin founder has assets frozen”

“A computer scientist who lost a High Court battle over whether he was the creator of Bitcoin has had his finances frozen for a second time as he waits to find out how much he will have to pay in legal fees.

Dr Craig Wright was sued by the Crypto Open Patent Alliance (Copa), a non-profit group including cryptocurrency firms, over whether he was behind the creator’s pseudonym, Satoshi Nakamoto.

Following a six-week trial earlier this year, Mr Justice Mellor said there was “overwhelming” evidence that Dr Wright is not Satoshi.

As part of the same trial, the Australian also lost a claim against several Bitcoin developers known as BTC Core, meaning he faces a legal bill expected to run into the millions.

On Friday, 13 of the BTC Core developers applied to the High Court for a worldwide freezing order against Dr Wright and two of his companies up to the value of almost £1.1 million.

Beth Collett, representing the developers at the hearing in London, said: “The purpose of this application is purely to protect the developers from the real risk that Dr Wright may dissipate his assets.”

Mr Justice Mellor granted the order to the value of £1.089 million, meaning Dr Wright cannot sell or reduce the value of his financial assets up to that figure.

But the judge said that Dr Wright could pay the money to the court by 4pm on Tuesday, which would allow him to avoid sharing details of his assets.

Dr Wright did not attend court, with a further hearing scheduled for April 26.”

Read the full article on the Independent

CoinDesk: ‘Craig Wright Assets Frozen by UK Judge to Prevent Him Evading Court Costs’

A U.K. judge imposed a worldwide freezing order on 6 million British pounds ($7.6 million) of Craig Wright’s assets to prevent him moving them offshore and evading costs arising from a court case that found he was not, as he’d claimed, Bitcoin inventor Satoshi Nakamoto.

In a March 14 decision, Judge James Mellor, who heard the case brought by the Crypto Open Patent Alliance (COPA), also found Wright didn’t author the Bitcoin white paper nor the initial versions of the Bitcoin software. Shortly after that, Wright notified Companies House, the U.K.’s register of companies, that shares in his RCJBR Holding company had been transferred to DeMorgan, a company organized under the laws of Singapore.

According to a judgment dated Wednesday and posted on the website of the Bitcoin Legal Defense Fund, COPA’s costs amount to about 6.7 million pounds.

“Understandably, that gave rise to serious concerns on COPA’s part that Dr Wright was implementing measures to seek to evade the costs consequences of his loss at trial,” Mellor wrote in the judgment, referring to the share transfer.”

Read the full article at CoinDesk